All types of cancers by nature are expected to be nondiscriminatory in nature. Rarely they do so, like in the case of prostate cancer which is significantly severe in African Americans. Both in the chances of getting the disease and the intensity of the disease process, when compared to other races. The rate in African Americans is two thirds that of Caucasians and twice as high as an Asian Americans.
Why does this happen and are there any methods of mitigating the risk?
Data shows an African American to be 50% or even more likely to get prostate cancer in their lifetime. He is also twice as likely to die from the disease because they are found to be having disease characteristics of an aggressive disease. Although, besides race other risk factors prevalent in these men like smoking, poor diet, genes, obesity and hormones may also negatively impact the disease. The outcomes of treatment are dependent upon the stage at diagnosis and the modality of treatment chosen.
Fortunately, prostate cancer is one among a short list of cancers which can be screened. Screening is a method by which the probability of any cancer developing in the future can be defined and often cancer can be picked up even before it manifests clinically. Digital rectal examination and a blood test called PSA is done as a screening method for prostate cancer. Keeping in mind the African American male being predisposed to their cancer an early screening is recommended. A decade earlier than other races. They often need earlier and more frequent screening tests.
Radiation and surgery for prostate cancer is known to be associated with some unpleasant side effects and it is not uncommon to see patients choosing active surveillance as a modality of treatment for their prostate cancer. In this approach the patient is monitored over time with PSA and rectal examinations and intervened as appropriate. Though, this is an acceptable form of treatment for low risk prostate cancers it may not be an advisable approach for African Americans because they have a propensity to develop more aggressive prostate cancer. Till more data is available on this aspect and fresh guidelines are developed it is prudent for an African American to tread cautiously when prostate cancer is concerned.